Millennials: The New Normal

Do you employ Millennials? If you have twenty-somethings in your workplace, you do. Most scientists who study generations put the start of the Millennials between 1982 and 1985. Using the earliest dates, the oldest are just turning thirty this year. Sociologists can argue whether kids born in the early eighties are GenX or Y (Millennial) but the “core” Millennials are twenty-five and under.

My new friend, Dr. Ron Konopaske, has been educating me on Millennials over the last few weeks. He studies their generation like I study Boomers. Take a look at Rob’s site Millennialedge360.com.

Boomers make up the majority of small business owners in America. For us, the Millennials aren’t another generation, they are more like beings from another planet. Let’s begin with the world view of 25 year old employees.

  • The US has been at war since they were in elementary school
  • The World Trade Center fell when they were freshmen in high school
  • Vietnam was fought by their grandparents
  • They probably have no idea what Y2K means, or how the draft worked
  • They have always been able to make a phone call from their cars
  • Disco was dead long before they even listened to popular music

They were brought up in the longest economic expansion in history; a boom fueled by a massive influx of college-graduate Boomers and two-income households. Then they entered the job market during the worst sustained unemployment in sixty years.

Middle class Millennials, many with mid-career Boomer parents, were the centers of their worlds. They were shuttled to karate and music classes, and fed in restaurants with playscapes to keep them entertained. They were awarded trophies for participating, because their parents didn’t want too much emphasis on winning or losing. No one is a loser.

millenial employeesNow they work for Boomer entrepreneurs, the most competitive, goal-oriented generation in history. (For the reasons why, read my e-book, Beating The Boomer Bust). Their helicopter parents, who shepherded them all the way through college, can’t tell the boss how their children would like to be treated. So they do it themselves.

Baby Boomers don’t know how to react. Employees announce how they think work should accommodate their leisure schedule. They expect regular raises and promotions for showing up. (In a recent survey, Millennial employees said that they expected job advancement about every two years, and that it should not be tied to any performance measures.)

Millennials expect a pat on the back for doing what they were told to do — every time they do it. If their Boomer boss doesn’t dole out sufficient recognition, they will ask for it. They seem mystified if the employer objects. “I did what I was assigned, so I am owed the reward.” As a recent Time Magazine article noted, the Me Generation has raised the Me Me Me Generation.

But Millennials aren’t slackers. They aren’t stupid. They are wizards of technology. They can find answers almost as quickly as you can develop questions. They can work diligently, as long as you don’t mind the quick forays into texting or Facebook to arrange their social lives. (Hey, most don’t take smoke breaks anymore.) They ask questions, and like to know the reasons why they are doing what they do.

Flooded by inputs from every side, they feel no need to read boring memos or procedures. Most get their news via infotainment. Over 60% identify either Stephen Colbert or John Stewart as their primary source of “hard” news. They expect workplace communications to be interesting.

They accept workplace diversity without question. They will work in teams with any gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation, and share credit for the team’s accomplishments (We all get a trophy!). They want to belong as much as any generation before them. They just want to belong on their terms.

Boomer owners have a choice. They can try to avoid a whole generation of workers in a race to their retirement finish lines, or they can figure out how to work with Millennials. Start by realizing that it’s less about what you say than how you say it. All employee relations begin with communication, and good employers have always tailored communications to their audience.

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4 Responses to Millennials: The New Normal

  1. Clint Moar says:

    Thanks for this John…I know it’s very hard for some Boomers and X’ers to understand, but you’re right about the Y’s.
    I find if funny that Mr. Konopaske is a consultant for Millennials but has no ways to follow him? (twitter, linked in, fb)

    • Hi, John:

      Thanks for another insightful piece on generational differences in the workplace…an area for which we both share a strong passion. As the founder of a new management consulting company, I’m pleased to see how my first few company clients are taking a proactive approach to getting their arms around these thorny generational issues. I agree with you that there are a number of major differences in how Boomers and Millennials communicate, use technology, learn and perform their jobs, and integrate their personal and work lives. Yes, after growing up with near continuous positive feedback from their parents, teachers, and coaches (don’t forget hourly video game “leveling up” and “high score” messages, texting 100+ times/day, and continuous social media page updates/thumbs up icons, etc.), they expect to be recognized frequently from their supervisors and companies (informally through verbal reinforcement and formally through frequent pay raises and promotions, challenging assignments, continuous training and development) for doing their regular jobs with competence. That being said, I have to admit that I’m “bullish” on Millennials as a positive current and future force for businesses…they are very smart and know where to find answers quickly, entrepreneurial, globally-minded, learning-oriented, technically-savvy, balanced, environmentally and socially conscious, and keenly interested in doings things in their own (better?) way. Organizations can benefit by developing strategies to attract, engage, develop, and retain talented Millennial employees and junior managers…so that they can work closely with and learn from Boomers. This knowledge Boomer-to-Millennial transfer needs to occur before too many Boomers leave the workforce and take their invaluable organizational knowledge with them.

      Clint:

      Thanks for the suggestion to add follow links to my http://www.MillennialEdge360.com website. I recently set up accounts on FB, Twitter, LinkedIn, Tumblr, and a few other social media sites, but need to get the follow buttons added. That’ll be done soon. Here’s the link to my FB site: https://www.facebook.com/millennialedge360.

      Rob K.

      • Clint Moar says:

        Hey Rob,
        Yeah, I’m bullish on them as well…they’re our future leaders and have a lot to give…look forward to following you on Twitter and Linked In (Facebook is just not in my DNA).
        Clint.

  2. Arlin R Lagasse says:

    You’re so right John, these Millennials are from a different world. And, as you say, boomers must learn how to communicate with them if they’re to continue to succeed in business. This is something that failed and failing businesses have not embraced sufficiently and now they suffer. A good leader always learns how to communicate to the audience at hand. If you can’t communicate through their media and ways of understanding, you will loose them and their productivity. And a good leader trains subordinates to take his/her place. When you’re not at work, how will they be trained or qualified to take you’re place and continue your business plan?

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Correct Decisions, Good Decisions and “Best” Decisions

The young protégé asked his mentor, “How do you know what is the right decision?” The mentor answered “From experience.”

“But how can I get experience?” The protégé asked. “Make some bad decisions.” was the mentor’s answer.

Experience is what you get when you don’t get what you want. As business owners, people look to us every day to make decisions. Customers are seldom conscious of the many things that have to go right for them to receive products or services correctly and on time. As an owner, however, you are all too aware that “There is many a slip ‘twixt cup and lip.”

zoltar2Employees often believe that the owner wears an invisible superhero cape. “Decision Maker- scourge of evil problems!” It doesn’t occur to them that you may not know the answer, understand the problem, or even want to make a decision right now. You are the answer machine, spitting out solutions like fortunes from a carnival attraction.

When an owner makes a decision, he or she assesses the risks and accepts the consequences. Your decisions are holistic — encompassing multiple factors and balancing conflicting priorities. Is that customer important enough to warrant special handling? How much will it cost? What is the impact on other customers? Does it create the potential for unforeseen consequences?

The danger of a correct decision, one that produces an acceptable result, is that it often become unwritten policy. How many times has an employee said, “But I did the same thing that you told me to do the last time!” You look for the anomalies; the factors that are a bit different from the previous situation. The employee looks for a safe harbor; seeking an answer that he believes is pre-approved.

One of the most common requests from my clients is “How can I get my employees to think like me?” One way is to let them make mistakes, but that can be an expensive teaching tool. More often, we fall back on rules created around our past decisions.

But how do you know that a good decision was the best decision? I can’t count how many times I’ve created a process that worked. Weeks or months (and sometimes years) later an employee says, “Why don’t we just do this instead?” and I immediately realize that her suggestion is a big improvement. Maybe our organization has grown, or we’ve added new technology, but just as frequently we haven’t. It’s simply that I moved on once we had a solution that worked, and as long as it worked I left it alone.

Similarly, the employed decision makers in your organization are charged with producing a specific result. As parameters shift, they find ways to work around new obstacles. Once in a while I’ll discover that employees are working very hard, executing multiple work-arounds to produce a result that just isn’t that important. The original purpose long ago faded into insignificance, but good people are still knocking themselves out to maintain it.

Correct decisions, good decisions and the best decisions are three different things. Correct decisions are those which address the variables of a specific situation, and produce a desirable result. Good decisions are ones that produce the desired results every time. They can be made into policies.

The best decisions are good decisions that have been vetted for cost, efficiency and consistency. They’ve been reviewed periodically to make sure that their purpose and method remain relevant, and that they still deserve being treated as rules.

Delegating decision-making requires that you teach employees the difference.

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One Response to Correct Decisions, Good Decisions and “Best” Decisions

  1. David Basri says:

    The article reminds me of an old allegory.

    4 generations of women are in the kitchen preparing a Thanksgiving meal. The youngest great-granddaughter watches her mother cut the ends off a ham and place it in the pan. “Mother,” she says, “why do you cut the ends off the ham?”. Her mother answers, “That is the way we have always done it. Your grandmother taught me.” The girl goes to her grandmother and asks the same question, and gets the same answer. She was taught by the girl’s great-grandmother. So the girl goes to her great-grandmother who is dozing in a chair by the window. She wakes the old woman and asks why the family cuts the ends off the ham. Her great-grandmother answers, “I do not know why your mother does it, but when I was growing up our pan was too small.”

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Getting the Message to Employees

Last month, one of my business owner groups (The Alternative Board®) examined the issue of communicating company news to employees. Among those participating they had collectively tried personal emails, an e-newsletter, a paper newsletter, a company Facebook page, discussion groups on the company intranet, mass texting, flat screen monitors at gathering places in the office, and screen savers that popped up on idle computers with company announcements.

One CEO is currently using all of the above technologies, yet employees continue to say, “I didn’t know that” or “No one told me.”

Charles Handy is an Irish “Business Philosopher.” He writes brilliantly on Organizational Behavior, and developed the theory of the Shamrock Organization, where quasi-independent employees shift assignments and responsibilities unfettered by geography and linked by modern communication. Even though a proponent of virtual organizations, he has also become an outspoken advocate for the importance of face-to-face communication.

In the mid 1990s, Handy was part of a team writing a new book on corporate behavior. The other authors were from the USA, UK, Europe and Australia. They worked via email, but upon completion decided to have a wrap party in London to celebrate.

Within a few hours of gathering, they called the publisher to put a hold on the book. Meeting face-to-face had started conversations that gave each of them new perspectives and new ideas. That event made Handy realize that humans are social animals, and need to be in each other’s presence to fully communicate.

young beautiful blonde girl expression collection isolated on whiteBehaviorists say that as much as 85% of what takes place in face-to-face conversations is non-verbal. Posture, eye contact and facial expression lend nuance to the words. We’ve tried to compensate in text for the lack of contact with emoticons, but we all know that they are a poor substitute at best.

For those readers who can remember the distant days before email; a question. Did you ever receive a letter from an employee, co-worker or boss? It wasn’t good news, was it?

Regardless of how many methods of electronic communication we utilize, it is all being crammed into that 15% effectiveness band. No amount of redundancy can compensate for the missing 85%.

“But our Millennial Generation employees want electronic communication. I see them texting each other when they are in the same room!” True enough, but perhaps, just perhaps, what you have to say can’t be delivered effectively in 140 characters. More importantly, younger folks may think that they communicate effectively with electronic media, but there is no indication that the technological advances of the last 20 years erased a million years of social evolution.

There is good news for small business owners. We have the ability to see and be seen by our employees. Our supervisors and managers can be trained to actually talk to their subordinates. Most of us still function as the face of our companies, and that face can be used to deliver important messages.

When I ran a larger small company (100+ employees vs. the five I have now), I used the concept of concentric circles for important communication. I’d begin with the key employees. Usually that was the executive team, but often it included others who were directly influenced by a decision or announcement. I met with them in person, and discussed the news for as long as it took to make sure they understood and were all on board.

The second circle consisted of direct supervisors and leaders on the staff. Again, we met in person, usually with at least a few of the “first circle” in attendance. They could ask questions until everyone was comfortable that they understood and could explain the decision to others.

Finally, an announcement was made to the entire staff (who were spread over 6 locations). Our preparation ensured that every employee could have an immediate face-to-face conversation with someone who was fully informed.

There were two material benefits to the approach. First, no employee was left with “I don’t know, let me find out about that.” as an answer to a concern. Second, each circle felt that their importance to the company was recognized, even when they only received the message a few hours before the others.

Charles Handy writes that face-to-face communication is the foundation of trust in the workplace. Fortunately, that is one competitive advantage we still hold as small business owners. We shouldn’t waste it for the sake of a few moments’ convenience.

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5 Responses to Getting the Message to Employees

  1. Mark says:

    Great post John…

    Face to face communication is essential. It helps to ensure “buy-in” from the team. No one liked to be be given instruction from their parents “because they said so”. Memos or emails can give this impression. Face to face communication gives the team the opportunity to understand the “whys” of the new change and enhance team buy-in.

  2. John: Good article. I agree that one way to close this communication gap is to help managers and supervisors better understand how to relate and speak to their junior employees. Equally important is to train Millennials to empathize and connect with senior managers. It’s a two-way street. Earlier this year, Marissa Mayer, CEO of Yahoo!, reversed the company’s work-from-home policy and ordered employees back into the office. She cited, among other reasons, that face-to-face interaction is better for collaboration and innovation. I suspect that the returning employees will be more likely to hear about company news since they’ll actually be working in the company from now on. Rob K., MillennialEdge360.

  3. Roy Wallis says:

    Nothing, but nothing, replaces face to face communication. Our company engaged in regular appraisals ensuring that it was clearly understood that it was for the benefit of both parties and that salary reviews were not a part of these meetings. At these face to face get together’s both parties had to submit and exchange items for discussion in advance. I used these meetings to update the person with the company plans and aspirations; this not only ensured they were in the loop and felt valued but they in turn passed on to colleagues the correct information. From the outset we would both agree that the meeting was personal and confidential and also what subject(s) could be shared with other our team members. We also held a yearly company meeting at which each director presented a report concerning their sector of responsibility, the past, present and the future. We rarely encountered subsequent misunderstanding – if there was any, we reminded ourselves that the fault always lies with the sender of the message, never the receiver. We also walked the building at least once a day and visited branches once a week.

  4. Devan says:

    I really liked your concentric circles concept — I never thought about starting with key employees first before communicating it to the rest. But that’s super smart — they are the ones that have influence, and other employees will go to them if they have questions/gripes/etc about the message they got. But empowering some of those key employees could really help make sure your message gets across clearly. Great article, John.

  5. sue miller says:

    The whole field of hiring and applying for a job has relegated itself primarily to an electronic process. I think it is very interesting that the “final decision” ultimately requires the “human touch”.

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“I’ve got it!” : The Curse of Competence

In any business, a competent employee is a treasure. Smaller enterprises may not have the layers of responsibility and management to offer a well-defined career path, but they often make up for it with the opportunity for an ambitious person to rise quickly through the ranks.

Owners get a thrill from the discovery of an employee who knows how to think. There is a too-rare excitement when we find a problem that has been fixed before we knew it was a problem. We get a charge from being presented with a choice between solutions, instead of merely “What do you want us to do?” questions.

Job SearchOur reaction to such talent is usually to give that person more responsibility. As entrepreneurs, we frequently built a business around our ability to make decisions and solve problems. Finding similar talent in  an employee is like discovering much needed cash in an old pair of pants, and we want to put it to good use as quickly as possible.

The key to utilizing such talent is delegation, a skill that many owners haven’t had much chance to develop. Instead, they abdicate. It’s easy to take someone at their word, especially if he or she has established a track record of success. “Don’t worry, I’ve got that handled” is a thrilling statement to hear in a world where everything else winds up on your desk.

It can be hard to monitor employees who are justifiably proud of their responsibilities . They have carved out an area that belongs to them, even though the whole company belongs to you. You don’t want to discourage their initiative, and a large part of their psychological reward is the recognition that comes with trusting their judgment. Rather than demand details, we begin to accept “I’ve got it” as a guarantee that the situation is being handled.

What if it isn’t? Ronald Reagan’s oft-quoted “Trust…but verify” applies here. No one has infinitely expandable skill sets. The same ambition that makes an employee a valuable asset almost always causes them to eventually overreach. Left entirely alone, it isn’t a question of if they will get in over their heads, it’s only a matter of when. The initiative that began as a pleasant surprise when applied to smaller issues can be disastrous when decoupled from the experience needed to solve larger problems.

Abdicating any area to a competent employee without checks and balances is a recipe for eventual disaster. Keeping excellent financial records doesn’t necessarily include the skill set for tax planning. Maintaining a high inventory fill rate doesn’t necessarily include the ability to analyze slowing or obsolete items. Selling at an acceptable gross margin is great, but may be missing large potential customers who need special pricing.

I’ve seen each of these small issues grow unnoticed until they were big problems. In every case, the owner considered that area of the business well-run, and left it in the hands of an able employee whose intentions were good, but whose skill set was lacking a bigger perspective.

We tend to spend most of our time with the employees who need direction and management. Those who can accomplish things without us need just as much of our time. It’s an investment that is easy to ignore until it’s too late.

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2 Responses to “I’ve got it!” : The Curse of Competence

  1. John Wright says:

    Great article. Now get some sleep!

  2. Brad Elmhorst says:

    The sudden loss of a competent employee can be havoc. Disaster planning for a small Business should include measures for when the “what if ______gets hit by a bus” occurs. Finding competency to replace the loss can be a major challenge and drain on company resources.

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The Return of “Do It Yourself”

For the last 40 years, America has been on a roll. Baby Boomers, raised in a competitive environment, have increased the average work week, made the two income household ubiquitous, and currently operate about 60% of the small businesses in the USA.

Boomers are what they do, and are what they own. They judge their success by position and consumption. From the standpoint of Gross Domestic Product, they have been the most impactful generation in economic history. Their parents had work/life balance. There was work, and there was life. When work ended, you came home and had a life. Boomers blurred that line, making work and life all part of an ongoing daily cycle.

hard-workerThey have been a productivity machine, especially in small business. Generating income requires time, and time is a static commodity. Every week has the same number of hours, so the more time you spend on generating income, the less is left for other activities. Boomers dealt with this by subcontracting many of the activities outside of income production to others.

They invented competitive parenting, hiring others to help with homework and teach their kids how to throw a ball, or dance, or play piano. Health was outsourced, with fitness centers, personal trainers, vitamins and running shoes helping to maintain wellness in a strictly limited time frame, leaving more hours each week for income production.

The chores of maintaining the McMansion were subcontracted to an industry of local small business owners, especially franchisees. Housekeeping, landscaping, oil changes and home maintenance were dealt with through the yellow pages (and then the Internet.)

The service economy, where consumer spending is 75% of the GDP, has been touted as the model for the 21st century. That norm is a society where the majority of people make a living by performing tasks for other people who are too busy performing their own tasks.

Not all of this will change. We won’t go back to fixing our cars in the front yard (too complicated) or, as my Dad did, building an addition on our home on evenings and weekends. But the velocity of money, the wealth created by millions of really hard working folks paying other millions of really hard working folks to do things for them, may be coming to an end.

When I present to business owners about the issues of The Boomer Bust I ask the younger (under 40) owners whether they are willing to work in excess of 55 hours a week for the next 20 years in order to achieve material success. Few are, yet when I ask the Boomer owners whether they still work over 55 hours a week, virtually every hand is raised.

What would happen if every Boomer reduced his or her work week to 40 hours today? As  a coach to business owners, I encourage them to flip the control the business has over them, and take more time for themselves. Some do, some don’t, but even those who are successful at it seldom get to a mere 40 hours. They may work from home one day a week, or take more frequent vacations, but actually not working isn’t in most’s DNA.

The driven work ethic of the Boomers isn’t replicated in the succeeding generations. If we are honest, it wasn’t there in the preceding generations, either. The Boomers are an anomaly, entering the workforce in huge numbers, and creating opportunities for each other as a byproduct of those numbers. We will look back on the era of “Boomers serving Boomers” as a golden age for US consumption.

GenX and the Millennials may return to a simpler time, but they had better learn how to hammer a nail. We haven’t yet figured out an economic model that couples lower productivity with higher disposable income.

 

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6 Responses to The Return of “Do It Yourself”

  1. John, I appreciate your articles and I often agree with you on many of your assertions. On this topic though, I must introduce an alternative not in sync with yours. That is … when the egg’s not frying fast enough … often the solution is to turn up the heat.

    You are correct that time is a limited commodity. And you are also correct observing that many individuals identify their own success “by position and consumption.”

    But comparing the priorities of the sub-40 generations with those of the “boomers” today is not a reasonable comparison. The “right” comparison would be to compare the sub-40’s to the “boomers” when they were sub-40. Individuals younger than 40 will naturally have different priorities at this earlier stage of their life than a “boomer” does now. Who’s to say that at 45 to 55 those sub-40’s won’t decide to “turn up the heat?”

    I agree that there a differences in generations. But sometimes differences have more to do with stage of development than with the constraints imposed by the arbitrary age cut-offs required of generational labels. What may be more accurate is that, to some degree, we all define ourselves “by position and consumption,” and when one’s actual circumstance does not reconcile with one’s desired level of position or consumption, that dissonance can create a sense of urgency to move closer to accordance. In response to the dissonance, some will choose to “turn up the heat” while others will simply adjust their self-definition.

    I suspect that every generation will contain an ample cohort of individuals who will not be satisfied until there is a good fit between their own wants and needs, and their ability to satisfy those wants and needs. It may even be true that given the opportunity that the “boomer bust” creates, the “sub-40’s” will elect to “turn up the heat” a little earlier to seize the unique opportunity presented to them.

    Thanks again for your thought provoking articles John.

    Mike

  2. John:

    Good, thought-provoking article! Given the fact that Gen Xers and Millennials prefer to “work to live,” I wonder if another reason Boomer business owners continue to work long hours is because they feel there’s no one else who can manage their businesses as well as they do. Do you think the Boomers have done a good job finding and cultivating the right talent to take over for them one day?

    Rob K. – MillennialEdge360

  3. Pete Begin says:

    in your last paragraph you say that GenXers “better learn how to hammer a nail” as their reduced productivity will cause them reduced disposable income. That warning is looking at the world from a Boomer perspective. When i talk to my GenXer kids and their friends, they’re quite willing to live on reduced disposable income – they have no desire to “judge their success by position and consumption”. My (Boomer) initial reaction is to try to talk sense into them; but them i think about it more and say – maybe you’re right. Take that year sabbatical at age 28 and go to Spain with your girlfriend. The rat race will be here when you get back!

  4. Brad Elmhorst says:

    Thanks again John, spot on, thought provoking as usual. To Rob’s comment on cultivating the right talent, it is difficult to find the margins to hire two people for a job that used to take one passionate employee, the exception being a family owned business, where the children are vested at an early age and actively engage on their own.

  5. Kim Jackson says:

    While I’m no coach, so therefore, don’t have the broad background you have, my experience in working with Millennials is that they’ve learned lessons from their parents quite well, thank you very much.

    The small group of entrepreneurs I’m working with now are looking at leverage, from every angle. Several want the material trappings Boomers are noted for, yet I agree, they don’t want to work the long hours they saw (and many still do see) their folks put in every week.

    So they’re finding ways of creating passive revenue, at every turn. While they’re willing to put the time and energy in getting something off the ground, their overriding goal is to have others do the work, so they can do something else. (I’m assuming they’re starting other ventures for more passive revenue streams. But you know what they say about assume!)

    So what do they do? They follow in their parents’ footsteps: They outsource, both stateside and overseas. There are still plenty of other millennials who are willing to put in the long hours, and this group of millennials I’m working with are happy to leverage that.

    They’re also leveraging their outsourcing efforts, too. Because they’ve watched their Boomer parents’ loyalty get in their way of profitability and progress, they’re not overly tied to one vendor. So they find a few who will do the same tasks. If one rises to the top, they’ll outsource more to that individual or organization, but not all of it. From what I’m seeing, they’re not putting all their eggs in one basket.

    Yes, they’re more group-minded, but they’re also very bottom-line driven. And if something’s not working, they’re willing to pull the plug faster than their elders.

    Because not all millennials are like this group of people I’m working with, I think there’ll be plenty of folks who will still be willing to put in the long hours, just because they’re having so much fun doing it. As long as it’s fun, Millennials will play the game. Once it stops, it’s game over — and on to a new one.

    Most of my 20-year career as a custom publisher (magazines and newsletters, both electronic and printed) has been spent working with Boomers. As one myself, I understand them, their motivations and how to make them happy. Millennials have opened my eyes to doing business a different way. I find it refreshing to work with and learn from this group of business people.

    And if I can get out of my own way and take a page from the millennials’ book, I, too, may just find myself with a nice passive income stream. Until then, though, the 40+ hour work week beckons…

  6. Interesting and thought provoking article. I think that Baby Boomers are doing something very different than our parent’s generation. When my dad was my age his career was on a path that he stayed on until his retirement. My friends and I have cobbled out careers that have spiraled and shifted based on changes in the marketplace and changes in employer/employee relationships. Those of us no longer in the traditional workplace find ourselves at a new frontier and work relationships are like a circling of wagons to be better able to get to the new world. Though there is more DIY, there is also much more ad hoc team building driven by what works. I haven’t quite figured out how to not work long hours, though…

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